| Much like the various levels of government that are busy planning for their own continuity but are somewhat flummoxed when offered the opportunity to help encourage their citizens to prepare at home to keep themselves fed, safe and warm; so the already over-extended players in the health care system generally find it outside of their realm to focus on how ordinary folk can best provide critical or even supportive medical care in their own homes within the environment of a pandemic.
There are professional and trade associations, facilities, professional staff and faculty of academic institutions all looking at their institutional, professional and academic piece of the pie. But when it comes to the issue of how we as laypersons will provide care in the home setting whose responsibility is it to do what is required? As a leading emergency medicine physician has suggested, Although intensive care has greatly improved survival in recent decades, the overall lack of resources may mean that many patients of a modern pandemic may receive medical care similar to that provided to patients during the 1918 pandemic.
This topic came up again during a recent discussion here about the adequacy of the internal assumptions that are built into the models used for pandemic planning - and how the use of more realistic assumptions radically increases the projected number of pandemic victims who will need but will not have access to Hospital Beds, ER Beds, ICU Beds or Mechanical Ventilators.
http://www.newfluwik...
If we have even a moderate pandemic:
Home care by untrained family members will be an important part of the pandemic health care equation.
A significant portion of that care will be to those who would, if it were available, recieve care that would include hospitalization, often in intensive care and often involving mechanical ventilators.
The numbers of pandemic ill in this category will equal or exceed the numbers who obtain access to those more typical levels of care. In fact, based on conservative assumptions already used in various official governmental pandemic plans, the numbers 'inside' the health care system may be much, much smaller than the numbers 'outside'.
I have two main questions:
1. Whose job is it to prepare the general public to provide their own care and treatment during a pandemic?
2. What resources are there to help the general lay-public to perform their role as care-givers during a pandemic?
The awareness by the general public, but also by the medical and governmental establishment, of the heavy portion of care that will fall to the untrained and unequipped households is still surprisingly low. The mirage dances before all eyes that our modern, high-tech health care system will save us all.
Even many of the active and informed place all their eggs in the basket of avoiding infection through extravagent measures of voluntary isolation - while ignoring the gap in their preparations of knowledge, training and supplies to be a primary care giver to an infected family member.
In my searches, I have found a number of resources that offer guidance on how families can prepare and respond to the medical care side of a pandemic, but would like to see more.
I have not included but would welcome discussion on the types of training that is available, reasonable in committment of time and money and recommended for not only treatment of pandemic flu but also general medical conditions where access to any medical care or failities may be severely limited.
Home Care Resources for Laypersons:
American Red Cross - Home Care for Pandemic Flu
American Red Cross - Preparing for a Flu Pandemic Fact Sheet
Coping and Emotional Well-Being (Added 6/22/07)
King County - Pandemic Flu
How to care for someone with influenza
Good Home Treatment of Influenza - Dr Woodson
17 Translations of Dr Woodson's Good Home Treatment of Influenza, a 17-page booklet anyone can download and print
Stay At Home Toolkit for Influenza
Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services - Montgomery County Maryland (Added 9.19.07)
From Health Information Translations, an Ohio-based collaborative initiative to improve health education for limited English proficiency patients:
12 Tranlations of "Pandemic Flu: What it is and How to Prepare" (Added 8.21.07)
12 Tranlations of "Home Care for Pandemic Flu" (Added 8.21.07)
12 Tranlations of "Power Outages"(Added 8.21.07)
Influenza Pandemic Preparation and Response - A Citizen's Guide - Version 1.5 November 2007
Sarah Booth &
Kelsey Hills-Evans
Conceived, supported and sponsored by
Jane and Peter Carpenter
Also sponsored by
Mid-Peninsula Citizen's Preparedness Committee (Added 11.7.07)
Taking Care of Yourself and Your Family: What to Do If You Get Pandemic Flu - Ontario
PATIENT CARE 9.5 mins
A practical 'how to' guide to managing patients with influenza and minimize health risks. Select 'Watch Video' from left-hand column, then select the 'Patient Care' video. Talking heads video. :^( Excellent NZ accent. :^) (Added 4.17.07)
BIRD FLU AND YOU
A QUICK GUIDE TO PROTECTING YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY FROM BIRD (PANDEMIC) FLU - Poster
Potomac Institute for Policy Studies' National Security Health Policy Center (NSHPC)
National Defense University (Home of NSHPC)- Translations of Poster
From the recent international meeting (March 2007 in Turkey):
Clinical management of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus
15 August 2007 (Added August 21, 2007)
WHO H5N1 Clinical Case Summary Form (Added August 21, 2007)
Supplementary WHO H5N1 Clinical Case Data (Added August 21, 2007)
WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines on pharmacological management - 2006 (Added August 21, 2007)
A survey of human cases of H5N1 avian influenza reported by the WHO before June 2006 for infection control
(Added 6/22/07. Currently restricted access.)
Practical management of avian influenza in humans
Singapore Med Journal 2006
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans
The Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5
Sept. 29, 2005
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in 10 Patients in Vietnam
March 18, 2004
Interim Public Health Guidance for the Use of Facemasks and Respirators in Non-Occupational Community Settings during an Influenza Pandemic May 2007 (Added May 3, 2007)
Nursing patients with ARDS in the prone position
Survival and Austere Medicine: An introduction - Second Edition April 2005
Where There Is No Doctor
(Other similar resources)
Where There Is No Pyschiatrist(excerpts)
Adjustment Reactions during an Influenza Pandemic (Added 4.17.07)
H5N1 Treatment
TREATMENT SCALE AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT PLANS FOR H5N1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (Excellent - also provides links to home treatment practice info.)
Some Bad Links are on the ARDS page - here are some fixes:
Airway Clearance Techniques
An Introduction to Postural Drainage & Percussion(Clearing the Airways)
Fever
Dehydration
Home Ventilation Using CPAP
Medical Therapy
Disinfection and Infection Control
CDC SARS Supplement I: Infection Control in Healthcare, Home, and Community Settings
(Can't access Field Expedient Medical Techniques I at Flu Wiki. Will add it later if possible.)
Field Expedient Medical Techniques II (Added 4.17.07)
Interactive Health Tutorial on Avian Influenza Or Bird Flu - National Library of Medicine (Added 4.18.07)
Interactive Health Tutorials - General Listing National Library of Medicine(Added 4.18.07)
Drugs, Supplements, and Herbal Information
Medline Plus (A service of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health)(Added 4.18.07)
Lists - General First Aid, Health and Hygiene, Infection Control and Isolation, and Medical Supplies
Caring for Yourself and Others - Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza
A Preparedness Guide for the Fairfax - Falls Church Community
General first-aid kit
first aid instruction manual
sharp scissors (trauma shears)
scalpels
tweezers
unsterile exam gloves (latex or nitrile)
bandaids, wound closure strips
gauze rolls
sterile 4×4 gauze dressings
medical tape
cotton balls
q-tips
thread
rubbing alcohol
hydrogen peroxide
SAM Splint
elastic (ACE-type) bandage, 2? and 4?
burn kit
instant ice packs
dental kit
triangular bandages
quick clot or other clotting agent
irrigation fluid (sterile water)
pen light
CPR mask
disposable thermometers
stethescope
blood pressure cuff
wrist watch with second hand (for counting pulse and respirations)
(incomplete: please add)
Health and Hygiene
toilet paper (lots!)
tissues
feminine hygiene products
toothpaste
dental floss
toothbrushes
disinfectants (flu germs survive on surfaces up to 48 hours or more)
camping toilet
Infection Control and Isolation
Infection control
Respirator masks with antimicrobial agent which protects the filtration media from microbial deterioration.
Disposable caps
Disposable isolation gowns (full length, full sleve)
Gloves (nitrile, if anyone has latex allergies)
Disposable booties
Spray bottles for bleach and/or disinfectant solution
Liquid-proof bedcovering
Liquid-proof pillowcoverings
Hand washing solution (alcohol gel or medical handwash)
Hand creme
Waste bags (Preferably sealable - for contaminated disposables)
Sealable laundry containers
Containers for disinfection (washbasins, 5-gal drums, etc.)
Body bag (hopefully forever unused)
Isolation (see section on sick room layout)
Plastic sheeting
Moulding and nails/screws to put up plastic sheeting for area isolation
Vent fan for negative air flow
Ducting to route contaminated air to someplace safe
Alternately: airfiltering system
Medical Supplies
Supplies per sick person (Woodson):
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) Supplies
Table Salt (1lb)
Table Sugar (10lb)
Baking Soda (6oz)
Household bleach (1gal)
Tums Ex (500 tablets)
Acetaminophen (100 tablets)
Ibuprofen (100 tablets)
Benadryl(60 tablets)
Green tea (1lb)
Tamiflu: 2 packets
Probenecide
Amantadine
Relenza
flu-shot
pneumovax-shot
antibiotics (good discussion from the forum - See: Antibiotics-08 March 2006, JV - at 22:06)
elderberry
vitamin D
Equipment
Blood Pressure monitor (automated may be easier to use, but consider batteries)
Thermometer
Bedpan
Measuring cup (500cc/2cup - for measuring urine)
Notebook (per patient - for recording vital signs and medical assesments)
Timer with alarm (time between patient checkups)
Supply of existing prescriptions for each person
Training/Neighborhood Organization Suggestions:
Community Emergency Response Teams |