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Holding Elections During A Pandemic

by: Okieman

Fri Aug 17, 2007 at 12:09:32 PM EDT


There is a possibility of an influenza pandemic occuring during the coming U.S. elections.  This possibility poses a number of serious difficulties and questions with respect to the smooth and orderly transfer of power.

During the time leading up to the 1948 presidential election, a time fraught with danger of war with the Soviet Union over control of Berlin (the Berlin airlift was in full swing), President Harry Truman wrote a letter to Winston Churchill.  Here is a small portion of this letter, as quoted in David McCullough's biography of Truman:

Your country and mine are founded on the fact that the people have the right to express themselves on their leaders, no matter what the crisis...

No matter what the crisis, our elections must move forward.  To not do so, would set a precedent which could pose serious dangers to the country in future elections. 

This diary is not intended to be in the least political in nature.  Rather it is meant to explore ways to hold an election during a serious pandemic.  Whether you are a Democrat, Republican, Independent or of any other political affiliation does not matter in this discussion.  It is in the interest of all Americans to see that a fair and orderly election and transfer of power takes place.

How do we do this during a time when much of the population is sick, and the rest of the population attempting to not contract the virus?  Are there secure ways to cast our ballots over the internet or phone system?  How about street-side balloting?  If paper ballots are used, who does the counting and how? 

This is too important a question to side-step and say we will deal with it if it comes along.

One final admonition to keep this apolitical.  Please, no comments concerning the present administration or likely presidential candidates.  Let us keep this discussion focused on the mechanics and logistics of holding an election during a serious pandemic.  Comments by election officials would be very welcome. 

Okieman :: Holding Elections During A Pandemic
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Pertinent Document
Here is a document from the Library of Congress which addresses in part this issue.  I'll continue looking over the next day or two for additional material.

http://www.fas.org/s...


Thanks. I'm sure others have this document but now I do as well. n/t


[ Parent ]
1918 Elections in Colorado
This is from the state summary for Colorado concerning the 1918 Spanish Flu.

Residents of Boulder experienced a quarantine. So did all of those living in the entire San Juan Basin (in the southwest corner of the state). All gatherings were cancelled, including schools, sporting events, and social outings. Voters and judges alike were required to wear surgical masks during the November election. People were even prohibited to gather for funerals.

http://www.pandemicf...


1918 Michigan Elections
From the summary for Michigan.  So, yes pandemics can occur during elections, and could affect the outcomes. 

The elections in Michigan coincided with the peak of the pandemic. The U.S. Senate election turned on a slim majority-less than 4,000 votes, and there certainly were more than 4,000 people laid low with the flu.

http://www.pandemicf...


Pre election debates
  How would a pandemic affect pre election debates if TV, radio, internet or electrical power was down?

  Would large gruop gatherings be ok?

  Yes we have had power failures that affected our local elections.

  Yes I have a preference for punch cards over Diebold's electronic voting but both can be affected by power outages.

  Turns out there are rules on "Minimum lighting requirements" not only to keep things legit but for safety.

  Our vote collection and reporting area is part of the city IT department who has a generator they test weekly. Hopefully we will have people to run voting places and certify the counts.

Kobie


Internet voting authentification?
Here is an interesting paper on the Rice University website concerning authentification for internet voting.

http://www.cs.rice.e...

I'm not at all sure whether this would have any use during a pandemic, but found it intrigueing none the less.


Large open spaces
Maybe the simplest solution is to position voting stations in large open spaces such as gymnasiums, conference centers, warehouses or football/baseball fields (weather permiting).  Hand sanitizers to be used before and after voting.  Strongly encourage absentee voting ahead of time.

 


That sounds like a great solution to me, Okieman!

I know I would certainly choose to vote absentee in that event. Could absentee ballots be sent to every registered voter if a pandemic has started, or even an epidemic as bad as the one in Australia? There may be some reason this can't be done. There's usually a hole somewhere in my ideas. LOL

Our small town already holds all elections in the high school gymn. If spots were marked with masking tape every so many feet, you could keep people widely separated. The hand sanitizer available is a great idea.

I agree, it doesn't matter what your party affiliation is, it is of prime importance to our country that our election process proceed in an "orderly manner".  Especially in a time of great crisis, our citizenry must feel that the democratic process is still intact.



[ Parent ]
while internet elections are fraught
with risk of fraud, Oregon has an existing system worth thinking about. They vote by mail.

The main findings of the study are:
1. Turnout remains high in Oregon, although the added contribution of VBM to already high levels remains low.
2. Historically, roll off across the Oregon ballot has been low, and neither the introduction of VBM nor the increased number of issues that appear on the Oregon ballot have had an impact on roll off.  While for partisan offices, the farther down the ballot one goes the lower turnout is, there is no relationship between roll off and ballot position for referenda.  Patterns of roll off observed at the state level are also present at the county level, and patterns in individual counties with relation to the state levels are consistent over time.
3. Oregon residents seem to be holding on to their ballots longer - casting them later - than they did in earlier statewide VBM elections.

http://www.lcveducat...

see also:  http://pan.oxfordjou...


the gist of the studies is that vote by mail
doesn't hurt or help the process, and the voting method is not introducing political wild cards.

[ Parent ]
Oregon holds all elections solely by mail
In 1998, Oregon voters approved a measure to conduct all Oregon elections solely by mail.  There are no polling places.  Ballots are mailed at least 2 weeks before Election Day.  You have to return your ballot to your county elections office by the close of business on Election Day.  You can mail the ballot back (postmark dates don't count), drop it off at the county elections office, or drop it off at official drop boxes at libraries and other public places. 

For more information, including a brief history and a 5 year review of the implementation of Vote by Mail, see:
http://www.sos.state...


[ Parent ]
Polling places in Oregon
Actually, there are still polling places at the county elections office for those who wish to vote in that manner.

I know this only because I volunteer for my party of preference every election. Among other services we provide (such as delivering a ballot or picking up a filled out ballot), I have picked up people at their homes and have taken them to the elections office to vote. This is mainly used by people who vote with a provisional ballot or those who don't trust the mail in system. The voting system at the elections office is a punch card, NOT electronic - well, at least for our county (Aloha and I are in the same county).


[ Parent ]
it works
and should be considered elsewhere.

No hanging chads, no e-voting malfunctions. excellent track record. It's fair and acceptable... and low tech enough to fit with social distancing in difficult times.


[ Parent ]
No Power?
Martial law? no election?

Nationwide state of emergency? no election?

No Power.. no election!



Tell the truth


[ Parent ]
you don't need constant power to deliver the mail
(you do need gas). The idea that power will be out all that time is still not at all clear.

Intermittent power outages are still more likely than power shortages for weeks on end.


[ Parent ]
Oh yes
In the event of martial law, I'd be most surprised if elections were not 'postponed'.  Same for any kind of nationwide state of emergency.


[ Parent ]
Voter turn out may be low, depending on severity n/t


You want perspective. I want perspective. Let's talk. We don't have to agree on every thing. If we do, one of us is redundant.

Options and choices
What ever is done, I think there should be multiple options to choose from depending upon the circumstances on the ground.  Keeping things as simple as possible but maintaining the integrity of the process is important.

Fairness and trustworthyness would have to be the guiding principle, as always, but especially during a crisis such as this, when portions of the country might be subjected to travel restrictions, public gathering prohibitions...etc.  As mentioned earlier, folks need to know that the democratic process continues.  This trust is critical to the stability of the country and the eventual rebuilding process in the event of a severe pandemic.


But it has to be a way people have faith in with a proven record.
I agree with DemFromCT - the mail system works.

  I worry some about fraud and some about my ballot not being private.

  Still the large areas is a good idea. Lines to get to the polls worry me.

  I hope there is a turn out and that there can be political discussion with friends over the phone to cover those issues not covered on TV.

  TV ads are so one sided and debates are good but not complete. Friends and family bring up other issues.

Kobie


[ Parent ]
local trust
We (Washington State) have a lot of vote by mail.  I have a lot of trust in our Secretary of State (A Republican who certified a Democrat as the winner of a brutally close gubernatorial race).  I think vote by mail can work -- but there has to be both watch dogs and trust in the system.


Commen Sense
Comment:  Commen sense actions like this can make a difference in peoples lives.  This is in Canada.

Returning officer hopes for high voter turnout; Referendum expected to increase interest

Dave Dale  /  The Nugget
Local News - Tuesday, August 28, 2007 @ 08:00

[snip]

Another change was made this year to help decrease the spread of influenza

Cassellholme Home for the Aged will have a poll for its residents but voters who don't live at the facility won't vote there. It's an effort to decrease the amount of traffic at Cassellholme.

"With the flu these days, you can't do that," Brunette said.

[snip]

http://www.nugget.ca...


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